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Philippicus or Philippikos ((ギリシア語:Φιλιππικός), fl. 580s–610s) was an East Roman general, ''comes excubitorum'', and brother-in-law of Emperor Maurice (r. 582–602). His successful career as a general spanned three decades, chiefly against the Sassanid Persians. ==Career under Maurice== Little is known about Philippicus's early years. He was married to Gordia, sister of Emperor Maurice (reigned 582–602), probably in 583,〔.〕 and was at some point raised to the high rank of ''patricius''.〔.〕 At about the same time, he was appointed ''comes excubitorum'' (Commander of the Excubitors, the imperial bodyguard), and in 584, he replaced John Mystacon as ''magister militum'' for the East, thus becoming responsible for the conduct of the ongoing war against the Sassanid Persians.〔 He commanded numerous raids into Persian territory in 584–585, ravaging the plains near Nisibis,〔 and making inroads in the regions of Arzanene and eastern Mesopotamia.〔.〕 During the same period, he actively tried to improve the discipline and efficiency of his troops.〔.〕 Philippicus spent the winter of 585-586 in Constantinople, and returned to his headquarters in Amida in the spring.〔 After Persian peace proposals were rejected, he advanced his troops to the frontier, where he defeated a superior Persian force under Kardarigan at the Battle of Solachon.〔 He then proceeded to invade and plunder Arzanene and laid siege to the fortress of Chlomaron.〔 However, the approach of a Persian relief army panicked the Romans, who fled in disorder back into Roman territory.〔 There, possibly due to illness, he handed over command of his army to his ''hypostrategos'' (lieutenant general) Heraclius, the father of the future emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641).〔 In spring 587, he was again ill, and unable to campaign in person. He assigned two thirds of his army to Heraclius and the remainder to generals Theodore and Andreas, and sent them to raid Persian territory. He did not campaign himself that year, and in the winter, he set off towards Constantinople. On his way, he learned that he had been replaced by Priscus.〔〔.〕 When Priscus arrived in the East, however, the soldiers refused to obey him, and elected the ''dux'' of Phoenice Libanensis, Germanus, as their leader in his stead. Philippicus, who was soon re-appointed as commander of the East, could only assume his command after the mutiny was quelled through the intervention of the Patriarch of Antioch.〔.〕 After a public reconciliation with his troops, in the summer of 589 he campaigned against the city of Martyropolis, which had recently fallen to the Persians through the treacherous defection of a Roman officer named Sittas. Philippicus failed to retake it and was defeated by a Persian relief force led by Mahbodh and Aphrarat, after which he was replaced by Comentiolus.〔〔.〕 Except for a diplomatic mission in 590 to the recently deposed Persian ruler Khosrau II (r. 590–628), who had taken refuge in Roman territory, Philippicus disappears from the scene for several years.〔 In 598, he was briefly appointed general in the ongoing war in the Balkans,〔.〕 and is credited by some sources with a victory over the Avars in Thrace,〔.〕 although this is most likely due to a confusion with general Priscus.〔.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philippicus (general)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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